Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine (JAHM) Impact factor SJIF (2012): 3.167

Introduction: Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds have been suggested to have potential anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative effects.

Aim: Study the effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds on glycemic status, insulin resistance, HOMA, antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathoine reductase (GRX), glutathoine peroxidase (GPX) and oxidative stress MDA, nitric oxide (NO), carbonyl protein, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) [EF-2.4.4] subjects and its correlation.

Methods and Materials: Blind Randomized case control study consists of control (n=30), T2DM (n=30) and T2DM patients with adjunct therapy (n=30). T2DM patients with adjunct therapy were given 1.32gm aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds for 3 months. Baseline and 3 months follow up study was done. Blood parameters were analyzed using chemistry auto-analyser, Chemiluminescence, and spectrophotometer.

Results: Fasting blood sugar, Hb1C, MDA parameters were significantly lowered after three months in the group receiving adjunct therapy.  Anthropometric, antioxidant statuses were seen to be improved and oxidative stress decreased. Insulin resistance were improved in the fenugreek group, based on Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).

Abstract:

Background: Hypertension being a chronic illness constitutes an important public health challenge because of its prevalence and concomitant increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The arterial hypertension having no definable cause is designated as essential hypertension.. The essential hypertension when thought adapting the principle of Dosha Dhatu and Mala theory, the pathology seems to be centered on Shonita Dhatu and Tridosa. Unique  category of clinical presentations comprising Shiroruk , Klama, Dourbalya, Brama , Buddisammoha are symptoms of Shonita dushti akin to manifestations of hypertension . It is an important duty of Ayurvedic research scholars and    physicians to study the theory of hypertension and to chalk out its proper approach of treatment. Aims: To study the therapeutic effect of Shodhana poorvaka Shilajatu  Rasayana in patients suffering from Shonita dushti./HTN Research Design: A Single blind clinical study with Pre-test & Post- test design. Methods and Material: 20 Patients suffering from Shonitadushti who are fulfilling Diagnostic and inclusion criteria are treated with Shodhana Poorvaka Shilajathu Rasayana in a dose of  24 gms with 100ml of milk OD   Statistical analysis used: The data were graded based on standard methods and analyzed statistically using Paired‘t’ test.Results: The administration of Shilajatu Rasayana proved to be effective in decreasing the severity of the symptoms. There was marked reduction in mean score of Systolic BP and Diastolic BP  Conclusions:  Shilajatu rasayana  was effective in reducing the symptoms of Shonita Dushti and elevated arterial pressure .

Key Words: Shonita dushti , Hypertension , Virechana , Shilajatu Rasayana .

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is increasing in Gyanecological disease proportions globally. PCOS is a syndrome that includes clinical conditions involved oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism  and polycystic ovarian morphology.

Materials and methods: In this a critical review of Ayurvedic and Modern literature regarding the problem that is Polycystic ovarian syndrome was carried out. It covered all the relevant information from ancient classics to latest treatises which was searched, compiled & analyzed systematically.

Results: PCOS is to be under stood on the basis of Dosha dushti, involvement of Dushya, Srotas, Ama, Agni, Adhistana and Vyadhi Lakshana. As it seems that whole metabolic process is disturbed in PCOS which is considered as dhatwagni vikar in ayurveda and no any diseases in classics indicate whole specturum of PCOS. So, we can say it “Dhatwagni mandya janya beejagranthi vikar.”

 Conclusions: Various dietary, lifestyle, and psychologic factors are involved in the etiology of PCOS, particularly in relation to metabolism. The ancient Ayurvedic knowledge can be utilized to expand the current understanding of pcos features like Menstrual irregularity, Anovulation, Hyperandrogesim, obesity, metabolic syndrome.

Menopause is a sign of biological ageing in which women lives about one third of their lives. It is defined as permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from physiological changes involving the loss of ovarian follicular activity; is characterized by pschycosomatic, vasomotor and urogenital symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy is the management advised which had a wide variety of complications in long term. In Ayurveda it is described as Rajonivritti which means end of artava pravritti (menstrual blood).Considering the significance of impact of Menopausal Syndrome in the life of ageing women and limitations of Hormone Replacement Therapy, researches and health care services need to focus more on this topic. Ayurveda have variety of treatment modalities for Menopausal syndrome and its complications and many studies have been carried out at different research centers of India to revalidate the actual efficacy of these formulations. The present review is aimed to compile the different research works carried out in IPGT and RA Jamnagar and to present them scientifically with regard to their effect on Menopausal Syndrome. Analysis of data reveals that about 14 research works have been carried out from 1973 to 2015. About 10 different formulations are evaluated for their beneficial effect such as Rasayanakalpavati, Asokarishta, Satavaryadivati, Mamsyadivati, Shankapushpeevati, Urjaswakalpavati, Saraswatarishta, Medhyarasayanavati and Aswagandhaarjunaksheerapaka. Drugs like aswagandha, arjuna, satavari, sankapushpi, mandukaparni, jatamamsi, yashtimadhu, hareetaki ,amalaki ,guloochi ,gokshura ,brahmi ,guggulu ,pravalabhasma ,kukundandatwak and panchakarma procedures like nasya (medication through nasal route), sirodhara (therapeutic streaming over head), virechana (therapeutic purgation) found to have significant effect  clinically. These formulations and procedures were found to have properties such as rasayana, srotosodhana (cleanliness of srotas), vayasthapana (prolonging younger age), medhya (intellect enhancer); proved significantly effective, clinically safe, increase quality of life of women and can be effectively utilized  for the management of Menopausal Syndrome. [JAHM1] 

KEYWORDS: Menopausal Syndrome, rajonivritti, jara, rasayana, dhathukshaya

Ayurved the prestigious literature with origin in India is a masterpiece in itself and considered to be extremely beneficial in several diseases. The body is the utmost essential component in treatment, however in Ayurved the mind and soul also depict a crucial role in treatment hence immensely beneficial in various diseases. Chikitsa (treatment) in Ayurveda rely not only on the signs and symptoms but also on the body constitution which varies from individual to individual. The shamana and shodhana chikitsa in Ayurved is effective in various acute and chronic diseases.

Ayurved has exclusive and unique principles and the application of these profound principles are the key to success for treatment in Ayurved. These principles explain the physiology, etiology, pathology and treatment of diseases hence covering all the facets essential for understanding the specific ailment.

Ayurved is useful in various chronic diseases which include joint disorders. Ayurvedic text do not describe the joint diseases under one title, however the classics illustrates the concepts of joint and its disorders meticulously. This article is an attempt to compile the basic principles of sandhi (joints) in ayurved and its conceptual application in joint disorders.

Key words: sandhi, joint disorders, concept of joint, shamana and shodhana chikitsa.

Anti-oxidants are the substances which have the potency to wash out the free radicals produced within the body. Antioxidants offer resistance against the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation or by many other mechanisms and thus prevent diseases.  Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of the oxygen and potentially damaging transient chemical species. Hence the uncontrolled production of ROS and the unbalanced mechanism of antioxidant protection results in the onset of many diseases which accelerates aging. Hence natural antioxidants have significant importance in the daily routine activity of human. Ayurvedic formulations are available in various dosage forms viz. Churna , Kwatha ,Vati, Asava-Arishta, Ghrita-Taila, Avaleha, Bhasma, etc. Moreover, various methods are being utilized to investigate their antioxidants property. The current attempt is focused on 50 Ayurvedic formulations possessing antioxidants activity. Therefore, an attempt has been made here to compile the researches that evaluate anti-oxidant activity of some Ayurvedic formulations and placed herewith with an intention to show their antioxidant potential.

Introduction: In Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, seed of Jayapāla (Croton tiglium Linn.) has been included under Upaviṣa (group of semi-poisonous drugs) varga and also included in Schedule E1 in D&C rule 1945. Seeds are recommended for treatment of various disease conditions after proper śodhana (purification) process. In practice, the drug is used as an ingredient of purgative drugs, unified information regarding internal application of Jayapāla available Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias is still lacking. Hence, attempt has been made to compile all such references of formulations pertaining to internal applications and ethno-botanical uses of Jayapāla. Methods: Internal administration of Jayapāla were compiled from 58 classical Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia texts. Croton tiglium Linn. was searched from available literature, with regards to its ethno-botanical uses from different web based search engines. Formulations were analyzed by segregating formulation name, dosage form, part used, indication, actions of formulation etc. Results: It is observed that 439 formulations contain Jayapāla as an ingredient indicated for an internal applications in around 45 disease conditions in 7 dosage forms viz. Guṭika-Vaṭi (tablet)(343,50), Curna (powder) (36), Kwātha (decoction) (3), Avaleha (confection) (2), Taila(3) and Ghṛta (medicated oil and ghee) (2). Maximum formulations are indicated for the management of Jvara (fever) (180) followed by Udara roga (67) (disease of abdomen), Gulma (abdominal lump) (24) etc. Conclusion: Present observation may prove a torch porter for future research works on internal administration of Jayapāla for the management of certain diseases like fever in emergency etc.  

Key words: Croton tiglium, Ethnomedicinal use, internal administration, Jayapāla, Literary review, Upaviṣa.

         Neurogenic bladder dysfunction sometimes simply referred to as neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition (urination). Neurogenic bladder usually causes difficulty or full inability to pass urine without use of a catheter or other method¹. Avapeedaka Snehapana is a unique and special method of internal administration of Sneha dravya mentioned in the classical ayurveda texts. It is mainly indicated in mutravegarodha janya vikara (diseases due to the suppression of urge of micturition). Because of the lack of adequate review and analysis, this method of administration of snehapana is losing its significance from the practices and the concept remains unexplored. The reasons for not being practiced like other snehana procedures are because of the less understanding of the concept of administration, scattered and minimal textual references. Lepa literally means application of paste over a particular part of the body , this paste is absorbed through Romakupa, Swedavaha srotas and Siramukha resulting in a particular action. A lepa is said to have actions like Shodhana, Utsadana, Ropana. Basti lepa applied over basti pradesha (suprapubic region), it is a folklore practice having added effects in neurogenic bladder.

Introduction: Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seeds have been suggested to have potential anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative effects.

Aim: Study the effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds on glycemic status, insulin resistance, HOMA, antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathoine reductase (GRX), glutathoine peroxidase (GPX) and oxidative stress MDA, nitric oxide (NO), carbonyl protein, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) [EF-2.4.4] subjects and its correlation.

Methods and Materials: Blind Randomized case control study consists of control (n=30), T2DM (n=30) and T2DM patients with adjunct therapy (n=30). T2DM patients with adjunct therapy were given 1.32gm aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds for 3 months. Baseline and 3 months follow up study was done. Blood parameters were analyzed using chemistry auto-analyser, Chemiluminescence, and spectrophotometer.

Results: Fasting blood sugar, Hb1C, MDA parameters were significantly lowered after three months in the group receiving adjunct therapy.  Anthropometric, antioxidant statuses were seen to be improved and oxidative stress decreased. Insulin resistance were improved in the fenugreek group, based on Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).

Abstract:

Background: Hypertension being a chronic illness constitutes an important public health challenge because of its prevalence and concomitant increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The arterial hypertension having no definable cause is designated as essential hypertension.. The essential hypertension when thought adapting the principle of Dosha Dhatu and Mala theory, the pathology seems to be centered on Shonita Dhatu and Tridosa. Unique  category of clinical presentations comprising Shiroruk , Klama, Dourbalya, Brama , Buddisammoha are symptoms of Shonita dushti akin to manifestations of hypertension . It is an important duty of Ayurvedic research scholars and    physicians to study the theory of hypertension and to chalk out its proper approach of treatment. Aims: To study the therapeutic effect of Shodhana poorvaka Shilajatu  Rasayana in patients suffering from Shonita dushti./HTN Research Design: A Single blind clinical study with Pre-test & Post- test design. Methods and Material: 20 Patients suffering from Shonitadushti who are fulfilling Diagnostic and inclusion criteria are treated with Shodhana Poorvaka Shilajathu Rasayana in a dose of  24 gms with 100ml of milk OD   Statistical analysis used: The data were graded based on standard methods and analyzed statistically using Paired‘t’ test.Results: The administration of Shilajatu Rasayana proved to be effective in decreasing the severity of the symptoms. There was marked reduction in mean score of Systolic BP and Diastolic BP  Conclusions:  Shilajatu rasayana  was effective in reducing the symptoms of Shonita Dushti and elevated arterial pressure .

Key Words: Shonita dushti , Hypertension , Virechana , Shilajatu Rasayana .

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is increasing in Gyanecological disease proportions globally. PCOS is a syndrome that includes clinical conditions involved oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism  and polycystic ovarian morphology.

Materials and methods: In this a critical review of Ayurvedic and Modern literature regarding the problem that is Polycystic ovarian syndrome was carried out. It covered all the relevant information from ancient classics to latest treatises which was searched, compiled & analyzed systematically.

Results: PCOS is to be under stood on the basis of Dosha dushti, involvement of Dushya, Srotas, Ama, Agni, Adhistana and Vyadhi Lakshana. As it seems that whole metabolic process is disturbed in PCOS which is considered as dhatwagni vikar in ayurveda and no any diseases in classics indicate whole specturum of PCOS. So, we can say it “Dhatwagni mandya janya beejagranthi vikar.”

 Conclusions: Various dietary, lifestyle, and psychologic factors are involved in the etiology of PCOS, particularly in relation to metabolism. The ancient Ayurvedic knowledge can be utilized to expand the current understanding of pcos features like Menstrual irregularity, Anovulation, Hyperandrogesim, obesity, metabolic syndrome.

Menopause is a sign of biological ageing in which women lives about one third of their lives. It is defined as permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from physiological changes involving the loss of ovarian follicular activity; is characterized by pschycosomatic, vasomotor and urogenital symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy is the management advised which had a wide variety of complications in long term. In Ayurveda it is described as Rajonivritti which means end of artava pravritti (menstrual blood).Considering the significance of impact of Menopausal Syndrome in the life of ageing women and limitations of Hormone Replacement Therapy, researches and health care services need to focus more on this topic. Ayurveda have variety of treatment modalities for Menopausal syndrome and its complications and many studies have been carried out at different research centers of India to revalidate the actual efficacy of these formulations. The present review is aimed to compile the different research works carried out in IPGT and RA Jamnagar and to present them scientifically with regard to their effect on Menopausal Syndrome. Analysis of data reveals that about 14 research works have been carried out from 1973 to 2015. About 10 different formulations are evaluated for their beneficial effect such as Rasayanakalpavati, Asokarishta, Satavaryadivati, Mamsyadivati, Shankapushpeevati, Urjaswakalpavati, Saraswatarishta, Medhyarasayanavati and Aswagandhaarjunaksheerapaka. Drugs like aswagandha, arjuna, satavari, sankapushpi, mandukaparni, jatamamsi, yashtimadhu, hareetaki ,amalaki ,guloochi ,gokshura ,brahmi ,guggulu ,pravalabhasma ,kukundandatwak and panchakarma procedures like nasya (medication through nasal route), sirodhara (therapeutic streaming over head), virechana (therapeutic purgation) found to have significant effect  clinically. These formulations and procedures were found to have properties such as rasayana, srotosodhana (cleanliness of srotas), vayasthapana (prolonging younger age), medhya (intellect enhancer); proved significantly effective, clinically safe, increase quality of life of women and can be effectively utilized  for the management of Menopausal Syndrome. [JAHM1] 

KEYWORDS: Menopausal Syndrome, rajonivritti, jara, rasayana, dhathukshaya

Ayurved the prestigious literature with origin in India is a masterpiece in itself and considered to be extremely beneficial in several diseases. The body is the utmost essential component in treatment, however in Ayurved the mind and soul also depict a crucial role in treatment hence immensely beneficial in various diseases. Chikitsa (treatment) in Ayurveda rely not only on the signs and symptoms but also on the body constitution which varies from individual to individual. The shamana and shodhana chikitsa in Ayurved is effective in various acute and chronic diseases.

Ayurved has exclusive and unique principles and the application of these profound principles are the key to success for treatment in Ayurved. These principles explain the physiology, etiology, pathology and treatment of diseases hence covering all the facets essential for understanding the specific ailment.

Ayurved is useful in various chronic diseases which include joint disorders. Ayurvedic text do not describe the joint diseases under one title, however the classics illustrates the concepts of joint and its disorders meticulously. This article is an attempt to compile the basic principles of sandhi (joints) in ayurved and its conceptual application in joint disorders.

Key words: sandhi, joint disorders, concept of joint, shamana and shodhana chikitsa.

Anti-oxidants are the substances which have the potency to wash out the free radicals produced within the body. Antioxidants offer resistance against the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation or by many other mechanisms and thus prevent diseases.  Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of the oxygen and potentially damaging transient chemical species. Hence the uncontrolled production of ROS and the unbalanced mechanism of antioxidant protection results in the onset of many diseases which accelerates aging. Hence natural antioxidants have significant importance in the daily routine activity of human. Ayurvedic formulations are available in various dosage forms viz. Churna , Kwatha ,Vati, Asava-Arishta, Ghrita-Taila, Avaleha, Bhasma, etc. Moreover, various methods are being utilized to investigate their antioxidants property. The current attempt is focused on 50 Ayurvedic formulations possessing antioxidants activity. Therefore, an attempt has been made here to compile the researches that evaluate anti-oxidant activity of some Ayurvedic formulations and placed herewith with an intention to show their antioxidant potential.

Introduction: In Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, seed of Jayapāla (Croton tiglium Linn.) has been included under Upaviṣa (group of semi-poisonous drugs) varga and also included in Schedule E1 in D&C rule 1945. Seeds are recommended for treatment of various disease conditions after proper śodhana (purification) process. In practice, the drug is used as an ingredient of purgative drugs, unified information regarding internal application of Jayapāla available Ayurvedic pharmacopoeias is still lacking. Hence, attempt has been made to compile all such references of formulations pertaining to internal applications and ethno-botanical uses of Jayapāla. Methods: Internal administration of Jayapāla were compiled from 58 classical Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia texts. Croton tiglium Linn. was searched from available literature, with regards to its ethno-botanical uses from different web based search engines. Formulations were analyzed by segregating formulation name, dosage form, part used, indication, actions of formulation etc. Results: It is observed that 439 formulations contain Jayapāla as an ingredient indicated for an internal applications in around 45 disease conditions in 7 dosage forms viz. Guṭika-Vaṭi (tablet)(343,50), Curna (powder) (36), Kwātha (decoction) (3), Avaleha (confection) (2), Taila(3) and Ghṛta (medicated oil and ghee) (2). Maximum formulations are indicated for the management of Jvara (fever) (180) followed by Udara roga (67) (disease of abdomen), Gulma (abdominal lump) (24) etc. Conclusion: Present observation may prove a torch porter for future research works on internal administration of Jayapāla for the management of certain diseases like fever in emergency etc.  

Key words: Croton tiglium, Ethnomedicinal use, internal administration, Jayapāla, Literary review, Upaviṣa.

         Neurogenic bladder dysfunction sometimes simply referred to as neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition (urination). Neurogenic bladder usually causes difficulty or full inability to pass urine without use of a catheter or other method¹. Avapeedaka Snehapana is a unique and special method of internal administration of Sneha dravya mentioned in the classical ayurveda texts. It is mainly indicated in mutravegarodha janya vikara (diseases due to the suppression of urge of micturition). Because of the lack of adequate review and analysis, this method of administration of snehapana is losing its significance from the practices and the concept remains unexplored. The reasons for not being practiced like other snehana procedures are because of the less understanding of the concept of administration, scattered and minimal textual references. Lepa literally means application of paste over a particular part of the body , this paste is absorbed through Romakupa, Swedavaha srotas and Siramukha resulting in a particular action. A lepa is said to have actions like Shodhana, Utsadana, Ropana. Basti lepa applied over basti pradesha (suprapubic region), it is a folklore practice having added effects in neurogenic bladder.